Ukuphonononga iMfihlakalo kaManaslu: Kutheni iManaslu ibizwa ngokuba yiKiller Mountain?
Ngaba uyayazi imfihlelo engemva: Kutheni iManaslu ibizwa ngokuba yiKiller Mountain? IMountain Manaslu ngumbono omangalisayo kwii-Himalayas, imi kumgama oziimitha ezingama-8163 (26781 ft) ngaphezu komphakamo wolwandle, nto leyo eyenza ibe yeyona ndawo iphezulu yesibhozo emhlabeni. Kulwimi lwesiSanskrit, igama elithi “manasa” lithetha ingqondo okanye umphefumlo njengoko limele ukubaluleka konqulo kubemi basekuhlaleni.
Nangona kunjalo, iManaslu inomtsalane kakhulu; ikwayanyaniswa nobungozi kungoko ibizwe ngokuba yi "Killer Mountain." Ngokwendawo, iManaslu ilele kwisithili saseGorkha kwingingqi yaseNepal yaseMansiri Himal. Yindawo ekude kwaye i-topography enzima inegalelo elikhulu ekuqatshelweni kwayo ngokufa.
Ukunyuka kunzima ngenxa yokuthambeka kwayo, iinduli ezibukhali, kunye neengcamba ezinobuqhophololo. Yenye yezona ntaba zinzima emhlabeni njengoko idibanisa ubunzima bobugcisa kunye nobude obubalaseleyo kunye neemeko zemozulu ezingalindelekanga ezenza ukuba ingqungquthela ingafikeleleki nakubakhweli be-pro.
NgoMeyi 9, 1956, uToshio Imanishi ekunye noGyalzen Norbu bakhokela uhambo lwaseJapan olwaya kufikelela eManaslu okokuqala. Ukusukela ngoko iinzame ezininzi zokufikelela encotsheni yayo ziye zaba nempumelelo ngelixa ezinye beziyintlekele. Ngenxa yokuba kude kwayo, akukho ncedo lunjalo kunye nezonyango ezikhoyo kule ntaba ngoko kwandisa umngcipheko wabakhweli.
Ngokuhamba kwexesha, ii-avalanches, ukuwa kunye nokugula kokuphakama kuthathe ubomi babantu abanyukayo abangama-80 okukhokelela kudumo lukaManaslu njengentaba ebulalayo. Le ntaba isathandwa ngabantu abathatha umngcipheko ngenxa yobuhle bayo kwaye ayizange ichukunyiswe yimpucuko kunye nobunzima obubeka kuyo abo banobuganga bokukhwela kuyo.
Iinzame zolondolozo zijolise ekulondolozeni okusingqongileyo kwendalo kwelinye icala nokwandisa umdla kukhenketho kwelinye. Amathambeka angumkhenkce abadlula kuwo ukuze boyise INtaba yeManaslu khumbuza wonke umntu ukuba akukho nto ihenda ngakumbi kune-adventure ngelixa amandla e-Himalaya enokuthelekiswa kuphela nokungafi kunye nenkohlakalo engapheliyo.
Makhe sihlolisise ngakumbi Kutheni iManaslu ibizwa ngokuba yiKiller Mountain.
Kutheni iManaslu ibizwa ngokuba yiKiller Mountain?
INtaba iManaslu yintaba ende kakhulu kwi-Himalayas yaseNepal ephakama ukuya kwi-8163 yeemitha ngaphezu komphakamo wolwandle kwaye inikwe elinye igama elithi "iNtaba yeKiller". Igama lilodwa licebisa ukuba olu hambo lokunyuka lunokuba yingozi kangakanani na kuba bekukho abantu abaninzi ababhubhileyo abarekhodiweyo ngenxa yokuzama le ncopho inkulu.
Yohlukile kwezinye iintaba ezidume kakubi ngenxa yeengozi ezithile ezifana nee-avalanche kunye neentanda; kunoko, udumo lwayo lokuba “ngumbulali” luvela kwiinkalo eziliqela eziyingozi ezenza ibe yindawo yokwenene yokuvavanywa kobuchule, ukomelela, nobukroti kwabo bakhwele iintaba.
1. Ubunzima boBugcisa kunye nomhlaba
Ngobuchwephesha, iManaslu yenye yezona ngqungquthela zinzima kwihlabathi. Amathambeka angumnqantsa, iinduli ezibukhali ezinencam ezibukhali, kunye namabala omkhenkce antsokothileyo achaza ubume bendawo yalo ngaloo ndlela efuna ubuchule obuchwephesha bokunyuka intaba.
Abakhweli kufuneka bahambe kwiimfanta ezinobuqhophololo kunye neeseracs, ezihlala zifuna ucwangciso oluchubekileyo lwendlela kunye nokuphunyezwa ngononophelo. Umceli mngeni wobugcisa ukwathetha ukuba zininzi iingozi ezinokuthi zenzeke kubandakanya ukuwa okanye ukwenzakala okwenza iManaslu ibe ngumngeni wokunyuka.
2. Umphakamo kunye “neNdawo yokuFa”
Ngaphaya kwe-8000m “kwindawo yokufa,” iManaslu kufuneka ibethe iindawo eziphakamileyo kakhulu ezibeka iingxaki ezinzulu zomzimba. Xa indawo enjalo ingenayo i-oksijeni, abakhweli bajamelana nemingcipheko ehambelana nokugula okuphakamileyo njenge-acute mountain sickness (AMS), i-high-altitude cerebral edema (HACE), okanye i-high-altitude pulmonary edema (HAPE).
Ukuba azikhathalelwanga ngokukhawuleza nangempumelelo, ezi meko zinokuba mbi kakhulu kwaye zide zibulale. Ukumisa nje inkampu okanye ukuhamba kumhlaba othile bekuya kuba luxanduva olungeyomfuneko ngenxa yokudinwa ngokwasemzimbeni okuvela kwiindawo eziphakamileyo ngolo hlobo.
3. IiMeko zeMozulu eziNgaqikelelekiyo nezimbi
IManaslu nezinye iinxalenye zeHimalaya zaziwa ngokuguquguquka kwazo nemozulu embi. Kwiithambeka eziveziweyo apho banokubanjwa okanye bathintelwe ukuba baqhubele phambili besiya phezulu zizivunguvungu ngequbuliso okanye imimoya ebhudla ngamandla enokuthi yenzeke ngemizuzu okanye iiyure, abakhweli baya kudibana nezaqhwithi zequbuliso, imimoya ebhudla ngamandla, kunye neepatheni zemozulu eziguquka ngokukhawuleza.
Iimvula zemvula ezibetha kakhulu kule ndawo kwiinyanga zasehlotyeni zenza iinzame zokunyuka zibe nzima ngakumbi; kukwaphakamisa imingcipheko ye-avalanche kunye namathuba okudilika komhlaba. Phantsi kweemeko ezinjalo nawuphi na umsebenzi wokuhlangula uba nobuqhophololo; Ngoko ke bonke abakhweli abonzakeleyo kufuneka bakhutshwe ngokukhawuleza.
4. Umngcipheko weAvalanche
Ngenxa yeminqantsa kunye nendalo engumkhenkce, iManaslu ichaphazeleka kakhulu zii-avalanche, ngakumbi ngamaxesha okwakhiwa kwekhephu okanye utshintsho olukhawulezayo lobushushu. Abantu abanyuka iintaba bafanele baqwalasele imingcipheko ye-avalonche ngelixa behamba kwiindawo ezithanda ukutyhubela izilayidi ngononophelo olugqithisileyo.
Umngcipheko we-avalanche wongeza omnye umlinganiselo wengozi ekunyukeni kwentaba esele iyingozi nto leyo efuna ingqalelo ethe gqolo, ucwangciso oluneenkcukacha, kunye nokwazisa ngemeko kulo lonke uhambo lokunyuka.
5. Indawo ekude kunye neZiseko zoPhuhliso eziMda
Yindawo ekude kakhulu kwiSithili saseGorkha, eNepal. Ngenxa yoko, ineengxaki ezininzi zolungiselelo kunye nokusebenza kokunyuka intaba. Ngokubhekiselele kuhlangulo kunye neenkonzo zonyango ezifumaneka kwisiza, ayilunganga njengezinye iincopho ezifikeleleka lula njengeMt Everest.
Kwimeko nayiphi na imeko engxamisekileyo, ukufuduka kunokuba ngumsebenzi onzima kunye nexesha elide, ngaloo ndlela ukulibazisa unyango olubalulekileyo olufunwa ngabakhweli. Ngenxa yesi sizathu, abakhweli kufuneka balungele iimeko ezingxamisekileyo ngamaxesha onke ukuze bajongane nabo ixesha elide benyusa imingcipheko ebandakanyekayo ngexesha lokunyuka.
6. Ukubaluleka kweNkcubeko noMoya
Ngaphandle kwemiceli mngeni yayo yenyama, iManaslu inokubaluleka okunzulu kwenkcubeko kunye nokomoya kuluntu lwengingqi. Ngokwentsomi yasekuhlaleni, igqalwa njengekhaya likathixo; kungoko ibalulekile kwiinkolelo zonqulo namasiko phakathi kwezinye.
Ngoxa benyuka iManaslu, abakhweli beentaba bafanele bacingele amasiko nezithethe zasekuhlaleni ngaloo ndlela bebenza baxabise izithethe ezahlukahlukeneyo. Lo mba wenza ukuba ukunyuka intaba kube nomdla ngakumbi kuba umntu efunda ukuba intlonipho ngakwinkcubeko yomnye umntu ibalulekile xa ujonga iindawo ezingcwele ezikushiya uphefumla.
7. Ukunqongophala kweZibonelelo zeNdlela eZinzileyo
Ngokuchaseneyo neMount Everest enezalathiso ezisemgangathweni ezimisele imigca emiselweyo kunye neenkampu ecaleni kwendlela yayo. Abakhweli badla ngokuxhomekeke kwizixhobo nobuchule babo ukuze bajamelane nocelomngeni olufumaneka ezintabeni.
Oku kunqongophala kweziseko zophuhliso ezizinzileyo kwenza ukunyuka kweManaslu kube nzima ngakumbi kwaye kuyingozi kungoko imfuneko yabakhweli abazimeleyo abanobuchule obukhulu kubuchwepheshe bokunyuka intaba.
8. Impembelelo yokusingqongileyo kunye nemingeni yoLondolozo
Umtsalane okhulayo waseManaslu njengendawo yokunyuka iintaba uphakamisa inkxalabo ngempembelelo yayo kwendalo. Ukunyuka intaba kunokushiya ngasemva inkunkuma, kufak’ isandla kukhukuliseko, kuze kuphazamise iindawo ezihlala izilwanyana. Ukunciphisa ezi mpembelelo, iinzame zolondolozo zibalulekile.
Oku kuquka ukukhuthaza izenzo ezizinzileyo ezifana nolawulo olululo lwenkunkuma kunye nokunciphisa imikhondo yendalo ngexesha lohambo. Ukongeza, kubalulekile ukwenza ulungelelwano phakathi kokhenketho lohambo kunye neemfuno zolondolozo ngaloo ndlela kulondolozwa ubuhle bendalo bukaManaslu kunye neentlobo ngeentlobo zezinto eziphilayo ukulungiselela izizukulwana ezizayo.
9. IMimiselo yeeMvume kunye neMingeni yoLungiselelo
Ukuze umntu anyuke iManaslu, kufuneka afumane imvume kurhulumente waseNepal onoxanduva lokulawula ukufikelela kuyo. Ezi mvume zinceda ukulawula inani labakhweli abenza lo msebenzi ngelixa beqinisekisa ukuba imigaqo yokhuseleko iyathotyelwa.
Nangona kunjalo, ukufumana iipemethe kubandakanya ukuhamba kwiinkqubo zolawulo ezintsonkothileyo ezithatha ixesha elininzi kwiinkokeli zohambo kunye nabakhweli. Imimiselo yemvume iza kunye ne-hick-ups yokulungelelanisa ukongeza omnye umaleko.
IManaslu yenye yezona ntaba zinzima nezinobuqhophololo emhlabeni ebizwa ngokufanelekileyo ngokuba yiKiller Mountain. Le ntaba ineengxaki zokunyuka nokuphakama okude; ijongene nobungozi bomkhenkce kunye nemozulu engaqinisekanga kodwa zonke ezi azithethi nto ngayo kuba ikwindawo ekude kwaye abantu bakholelwa ukuba inentsingiselo yembali.
Noko ke, phezu kwayo nje le miqobo yoyikekayo, iManaslu iyaqhubeka itsala abantu abakhenkethayo abathabatheka bubungangamsha nobuhle bayo kunye nokukwazi kwayo ukunyamezela iingxaki. Kule nkalo, wonke umntu onyukayo uya kunqwenela into entsha, kuquka abo bangazi ukuba uloyiko lunjani.
Intaba iyisikhumbuzo esiqhubekayo sokuba indalo enamandla inokufunyanwa njani entliziyweni yee-Himalayas. Siye saxoxa ngemiba ephambili echazayo kutheni iManaslu ibizwa ngokuba yiKiller Mountain.
Umxholo weMbali ngasemva Kutheni iManaslu ibizwa ngokuba yiKiller Mountain kunye neLinge lokunyuka
INtaba iManaslu, encothula phezulu kwiiHimalaya zaseNepal, yintaba enengxelo yoloyiso neentlekele ezidumileyo. Uhambo lwaseJapan lwalukhokelwa nguToshio Imanishi kunye noGyalzen Norbu abafika encotsheni yabo okokuqala ngoMeyi 9, 1956.
Le ibiyimpumelelo ebalulekileyo okoko yabeka iManaslu njengeyona ndawo yesibhozo ephezulu emhlabeni ukuba ibizwe. Ukusukela kolo hambo lunzima, abantu abaninzi abanyuka intaba kwihlabathi jikelele bazama ukunyuka iNtaba iManaslu kwaye boyise amathambeka ayo anobuqhophololo.
Nangona kunjalo, iingozi ezininzi zenzeke ngenxa yokuba kude kwayo kwisithili saseGorkha eNepal kunye nobunzima belizwe. UManaslu uye wabona uhambo oluninzi olujongene neemeko ezinobungozi ezinje ngeemvula, ukuwa, kunye nezigulo eziphakamileyo.
Ukhuseleko lwabakhweli lusemngciphekweni omkhulu ngenxa yokuphakama okugqithisileyo ukuya kwindawo yokufa ngaphezulu kwe-8000 yeemitha. Nangona itekhnoloji yokunyuka intaba iphucuka ngokuqhubekayo ngelixa imisebenzi yokuhlangula iba yentsonkothileyo, ezi ngozi zinciphisa ucwangciso ngononophelo, amava, kunye nokwazisa malunga neenkqubo zendalo ezingalindelekanga ezikule ntaba.
Ukugqwesa okubalaseleyo okufunyenwe ngumntu kunye nenyani yeentaba eziphakamileyo yinto emele iManaslu Mountain. Imbali isoloko isenza abakhweli bentaba abafuna ukufikelela kwezona ndawo zikude.
Ibali lokunqoba kunye nokoyiswa kuManaslu lelinye ibali elinjalo elifuna ukubaliswa; ikhumbuza abakhweli ngenkalipho, ubuchule, nokungagungqi okufunekayo ukuze banyukele kwenye yezona ncopho zinzima kwiiHimalaya. Siphinde saxoxa ngemeko yembali ngasemva kutheni iManaslu ibizwa ngokuba yiKiller Mountain.
Intaba yaseManaslu: Umtsalane kunye neenzame zokukhusela
Ngaphandle kokuba "yiNtaba yeKiller", iMount Manaslu inomtsalane onomtsalane ongaphaya kodumo lwayo oloyikisayo, etsala abakhenkethi abavela kuzo zonke iimbombo zehlabathi. Ibekwe phezulu kwiiHimalaya zaseNepalese, ubuhle obucocekileyo beManaslu zidityaniswe nokubaluleka kwayo ngokwenkcubeko kuyenza ibe yindawo ethandwa ngabantu abaninzi abanamava abafuna umngeni kunye nokuhlola.
Umtsalane weNtaba iManaslus abukho nje kuphela ekubeni yeyona ncopho yesibhozo emhlabeni kodwa nangenxa yemixawuka yayo neendawo zayo ezinomtsalane. Inika imbonakalo yomhlaba engapheliyo egqunywe ziinduli ezigqunywe likhephu, iintlambo ezinzulu, kunye neendawo ezahlukeneyo zendalo phakathi kwezinye eziphefumlayo ngelixa zihamba kunye namathambeka anqabileyo kunye neengcamba.
Kutsha nje, iinzame zenziwe ukugcina okusingqongileyo kweManaslu kunye nokukhuthaza ukhenketho oluzinzileyo. Iiprojekthi zolondolozo zijolise ekunciphiseni ukonakaliswa kokusingqongileyo ngexesha lokunyuka intaba ngelixa kuhlonitshwa ixabiso lenkcubeko yabemi basekuhlaleni.
La manyathelo amele umgca ophakathi kokukhuthaza ukuzonwabisa kunye nokulondoloza ubutyebi bendalo balo mmandla kunye neentlobo-ntlobo zezityalo nezilwanyana eziphilayo kwixesha elide. Le nkqubo inkenenkene yendalo ijikeleziswa ngabakhweli ababandakanyekayo kumanyathelo olondolozo oluqhubekayo ngokusebenzisa izenzo zokhenketho ezinenkathalo ezinceda uluntu lwasekuhlaleni.
Abathandi bohambo lokunyuka iNtaba iManaslu babonisa ukuzibophelela kwabo kuhambo oluzinzileyo lwe-adventure ngokuphonononga ngothando kunye nokugcina engqondweni bafanele ukuba babe nentlonipho kokusingqongileyo kunye neenkcubeko.
Ukuba kuphela ngenxa yokuba iluphawu lokomelela komntu kunye nokufunyanwa, iNtaba iManaslu ke iyinkuthazo yokhenketho lwe-Himalaya enoxanduva. Ngaloo ndlela ubungangamsha bawo buyaqhubeka ukukhuthaza abahambi ukuba barhabule kwindebe yoloyiso emva kokulinganisa enye yezona ncopho zinzima zomhlaba naxa beshiya ubuhle bawo bungaguquki ukuze izizukulwana ezizayo zibubone kwaye zithande.
Imibuzo Ebuzwa Rhoqo (FAQs) malunga neMount Manaslu
- Kutheni iManasalu ibizwa ngokuba yiKiller Mountain?
IManaslu yincopho eyingozi eNepal ngenxa yobuchwephesha bayo, ukuphakama okuphezulu, kunye nemozulu engalindelekanga. Inamathambeka angumnqantsa, imiphetho yeemela, kunye nekhephu elinzulu le ntaba ifuna izakhono zokunyuka ezikumgangatho ophezulu. Abakhweli bajongana nemiceli mngeni "kwindawo yokufa" eqala malunga neemitha ezingama-8,000 ngaphezulu komphakamo wolwandle apho amanqanaba eoksijini asezantsi kakhulu abangela ukungasebenzi kakuhle ngokomzimba nangokwengqondo kungoko kwandiswa amathuba okuntywila ngequbuliso kunye nemimoya enamandla. Kuthetha ukuba ukhuseleko lwabakhweli luhlala lusongelwa ngenxa yokuba kufuphi nendawo yokufa.
- Bangaphi abantu ababhubhileyo eManaslu ukuza kuthi ga ngoku?
Bangaphezu kwama-80 abakhweli baye badibana neziphelo zabo ezibuhlungu bezama ukunyuka iNtaba iManaslu ngokweengxelo zamva nje. Ezi zidumbu zibonisa ukuba kukho imingcipheko ekhoyo ngokunyuka le ndlela yobuqhophololo entabeni.
- Ngaba iManaslu iyingozi ngakumbi kuneMount Everest?
Bobabini i-Manaslu kunye ne-Everest banomlinganiselo obalulekileyo wengozi edityaniswe kubo kodwa ngenxa yezizathu ezahlukeneyo ezifana nokungabikho kweempawu ezisisiseko zokusinda xa kuthelekiswa nakwenye indawo eMhlabeni okanye kwiindawo ezininzi zaseNepal xa umntu enikezela kubomi bakhe nakweyiphi na inzame engaphaya kwenkampu yesiseko; okwangoku, kucacile ukuba abantu abaninzi basengozini ngenxa yokuphakama kwe-Everest kunye nenani labakhweli beentaba kodwa umgama ovela kulo naluphi na uhlobo lwempucuko, kunye neziseko zophuhliso ezingaphuhliswanga, unokwenza imisebenzi yokuhlangula ibe nzima ngakumbi kwaye yandise izoyikiso.
- Leliphi elona xesha lilungileyo lokunyuka intaba eManaslu?
Ngokuqhelekileyo intwasahlobo (Aprili-Meyi) nekwindla (Septemba-Oktobha), xa kukho izaqhwithi ezimbalwa okanye iimvula zezona nyanga zibalaseleyo zokunyuka iNtaba iManaslu ekubeni ngamaxesha anjalo isibhakabhaka sicace kakhulu sinemvula encinane. Amathuba okufumana impumelelo aphezulu xa abakhweli bekwazi ukubona ngcono kunye nomngcipheko omncinci ukusuka kwii-avalanches
- Ngaba kukho uhambo olungelulo lobugcisa malunga neManaslu?
Ngokuqinisekileyo, i Uhambo lweSekethe yaseManaslu ibonelela ngendlela edumileyo yokuba abanganyuki baphonononge indawo ngaphandle kokunyusa ukuphakama kwayo. Olu hambo lujikeleza ubuninzi beManaslu luvumela umntu ukuba abe nombono omangalisayo wencopho kunye neendawo eziyingqongileyo.
Idume ngokuntywiliselwa kwenkcubeko kuba idlula kwiilali ezikude kakhulu ezinomxube wezizwe ezahlukeneyo ezinje ngeGurungs kunye namaTibetan. Abaqhubi beTrekkers bayakonwabela ububele besintu, imbonakalo entle, kunye nokuqonda iindlela zokuphila zemveli ezikwenza kube luncedo kubantu abangafuni ukunyuka iintaba.
Ukugqityezelwa kokugqibela
Igama lesidlaliso elithi "Killer Mountain" kufuneka lithathwe ngokungathí sina ngabakhweli; kwangaxeshanye nangona igama likwabonisa ukuba ukunyuka kweNtaba iManaslu ngumngeni ovuyisayo. Umnqantsa uthambekela ecaleni, ukuphakama okuphezulu nangona, imozulu engalindelekanga ngaphandle kwayo yonke loo nto - le yeyona nto ibonakalisa umoya weManaslu.
Icela umngeni kwabakhweli ukuba bajonge izakhono zabo kunye nokuzimisela ngokuchasene neyona miqobo inzima yendalo. IManaslu ime njengophawu olukhulu lokunyuka intaba njengoko abakhweli benyukela kwiindawo eziphakamileyo kwaye bavavanya imida yabo.
Kufuneka sihloniphe ukubaluleka kwenkcubeko kunye nobuhle bendalo ngelixa sikhuthaza ukhenketho oluzinzileyo. Ukunyuka iManaslu kungaphezulu kokufikelela encotsheni yayo; luhambo lomntu anokuthi ngalo aphinde azifumane xa enxulumana nendalo.
Gqi beleni, Kutheni uManaslu ebizwa ngokuba yi "Killer Mountain" lusikhumbuza ngeengozi ezibandakanyekileyo ekunyukeni kweentaba. Iqaqambisa umtsalane obalaseleyo kunye nomphefumlo ongayekekiyo wale ncopho ye-Himalayan imangalisayo.
