8 Makomo Makurusa eNepal
Nepal ine makomo masere epamusoro-soro pasi rose, neHimalayas achiwedzera runako kwariri. Aya makomo marefu anongori kuratidzwa kunoshamisa kwerunako rwayo rwemusikirwo, ichikwezva vanhu vanobva kumativi ose enyika kuti vauye kuzoona kunaka kwayo.
Makomo masere akakwirira muNepal, ane Gomo reEverest pamusoro, anomiririra kudada kukuru kwerudzi uye anoriita utiziro hwevafambi nevakwikwiri pasi rose.
Nzvimbo dzakakwirira dzakaita seKanchenjunga, Lhotse neMakalu dzinotonga denga, dzichipa matambudziko uye maonero asingaenzaniswi. Aya mahofori marefu haana kudyidzana chete nenhoroondo netsika dzeNepal asiwo neindasitiri yayo yekushanya sezvo izvi zvakatora chikamu chakakosha mukuumba kuzivikanwa kwenyika ino.
Makomo masere epamusoro-soro eNepal anopa chiitiko chekupedzisira kune vanokwira makomo nevadi vezvakasikwa vanouya mukubata kwavo kwehurefu hunotyisa uye runako rwakadzikama zviuru zvenguva gore rega rega vachitsvaga zvakafanana.
1. Gomo reEverest
Gomo reEverest, iro rakareba mamita 8,848, nderimwe repamusoro-soro 8 muNepal nepasi rose. Iri pamuganho weNepal-China (Tibet) mudunhu reSagarmatha, yanga iri, kwenguva yakareba kwazvo, sosi yekukurudzira kune vazhinji vanofamba uye vanokwira makomo zvakafanana.
Sagarmatha izita renzvimbo yeEverest zvinoreva kuti "Huma yeDenga," zvichireva gomo sechiratidzo chetsika chekutsunga kwevanhu uye runako rwechisikigo.
Yakasanganiswa nehurefu hwayo hukuru uye mamiriro akaomarara, chave chiri chinangwa chakanyanya kukosha chechero mukwiri pasi rese. Everest Base Camp trek, pakakwirira inosvika 5,430 metres, inoonekwa seimwe yenzira dzakakurumbira muNepal.
Maonero kubva pano anosanganisira mamwe eanofema maonero eEverest massif uye nepamusoro pepamusoro. Nzira iyi inopfuura nemudunhu reKhumbu rinogarwa nevaSherpas, avo vakaita basa rakakosha munhoroondo yeEverest expeditions.
Haisi chete chishamiso chechisikigo asiwo inzvimbo yakakosha munhoroondo. changamire edmund hillary, nemutungamiri wake, Tenzing Norgay, uyo akakwira kudenga kekutanga muna 1953, anonyora musi uyu munhoroondo yokukwira makomo. Kubva ipapo, zviuru zvakaedza kusvika kumusoro, zvichiita kuti Everest ive chiratidzo chekusingaperi chekuongorora uye kubudirira kwevanhu.
Hupfumi hwakasiyana-siyana hwezvipenyu, maruva, uye mhuka dzine mamongi ekare nemisha yeSherpa ndiko kukosha kunowedzera kuMount Everest kunyika ino. Nokuda kwekuve iyo pachayo yepamusoro-soro pamakomo masere epamusoro-soro eNepal, haimbomira zvinoshamisa uye inorayira ruremekedzo kubva kune avo vangada kusundira miganhu yavo pamberi pematambudziko akaoma echisikigo.
2. Gomo reKanchenjunga
Gomo reKanchenjunga Riri panzvimbo yakakwirira mamita 8,598 pamusoro pegungwa, Gomo reKanchenjunga rinomira sechitatu pakakwirira pamakomo masere akakwirira muNepal uye pasi rose. Gomo iri riri muKanchenjunga Dunhu riri kure kumabvazuva kweNepal, pamuganhu chaipo neSikkim, imwe yenyika dzeIndia.
Kanchenjunga inodaidzwa se "Pfuma yeSinou," iyo yakanyanya kureba uye inorema yepamusoro, iyo inopa yakasarudzika asi ine mubayiro wakaenzana wekufamba muNepal.
Nepo nzendo dzekuenda kuKanchenjunga Base Camp dzichingozivikanwa nekuona kwavo kwepanoramic nzvimbo yeJannu Himalaya, inoonekwa kubva kuMirgin La Pass, runako rwakadzikama rwemisha iri kure kumiganhu yeSikkim neTibet inofukidza vafambi.
Nokudaro, iyi nyika yakazara mukusiyana-siyana kwetsika norunako rwomusikirwo, zvichiita kuti rwendo rwacho ruve ruzivo rusati rwuri rwomuedzo wokutsungirira kwomuviri chete asiwo rwokupfumisa kukuru.
Zvisinei nekukwezva kwayo, Kanchenjunga ndeimwe yenzvimbo dzinofambiswa zvishoma nekuda kwemvumo dzakasimba dzehurumende dzinobatsira chaizvo kuchengetedza nharaunda yayo. Saka, kutaura zvazviri, kure kure kunowedzera kune mystique uye kunopa vanofamba nemukana mukuru wekuona nzvimbo isina kuparara muHimalayas.
Kangchenjunga Dunhu zvakare kunogara Snow Leopard, shiri yenyika yeNepal, Danphe, Musk Deer, uye Blue Sheep, ine Yeti ane mukurumbira anonzi anogara munzvimbo dziri kure idzi.
Chinhu chinotsanangudza, Kanchenjunga nderimwe remakomo masere makuru eNepal, iro rakagara symbiosis pakati penyika yerenje isina kucheneswa uye yakapfuma tsika yenhaka inoita kuti Nepal ive yakasarudzika.
3. Gomo reLhotse
Gomo reLhotse rinokwira kusvika pamamita 8,516 uye ndiro rechina pakakwirira pamakomo masere akakwirira muNepal uye pasi rose.
Iri pedyo nekumaodzanyemba kweMount Everest, iyo Lhotse inogovera mubatanidzwa wakakura wenzvimbo kuEverest nekuda kwekuti nhongonya mbiri idzi dzakabatanidzwa kuburikidza neSouth Col - ridge isinganyure pasi pe8,000 metres. Kuswedera pedyo uku kwaita kuti Lhotse dzimwe nguva ikanganisike senzvimbo yekumaodzanyemba kweEverest massif, kunyangwe iri nhongonya yaro pachayo.
Iyo inoyevedza uye yakareba crest yeLhotse inomhanya kumabvazuva-kumadokero; gomo racho, nokudaro, rakaoma, uye rinowanzochengeterwa vakwiri vemakomo vane ruzivo rwokuzviwanira bedzi.
Pasinei nekukwirira kwayo uye nzvimbo, Lhotse yakaramba ichiregeredzwa nevakwikwidzi kusvikira kukwira kwekutanga kweEverest kwaitwa muna 1953. Yakazopedzisira yakwidzwa muna 1956 nevakwikwiri veSwiss Fritz Luchsinger naErnest Reiss, icho chaiva chimwe chezvakakosha zvakaitwa mukukwira makomo eHimalaya panguva iyoyo.
Pamusoro pemusangano mukuru, Lhotse zvakare ine madiki-madiki maviri kumabvazuva nekumadokero: Lhotse Shar padyo nepamusoro pepamusoro uye Nuptse, nzvimbo huru yekumusoro kumadokero kwegomo zvichiteerana. Izvo zvese zvese zviri pamusoro apa ndizvo zvinoita kuti Lhotse ive gomo rakaoma uye rakanaka. Chimwe chezvinonyanya kunangwa nevakwiri vemakomo vari kutsvaga kujoinha runyoro rwevanhu vakakwira nhongonya dzepamusoro-soro muHimalayas.
Pamakomo masere epamusoro-soro muNepal, Lhotse ndiyo yaizonyanya kushamisa, inoratidzira runako rwakakomba uye matambudziko akanyanya edunhu reHimalaya. Iyi Lhotse yakareba ingave inokurudzira, yakasimbiswa nenhoroondo yayo yakagovaniswa neEverest.
4. Gomo reMakalu
Nzvimbo yechishanu pakakwirira pamakomo masere akakwirira muNepal uye pasi rose, Gomo reMakalu rakareba mamita 8. Iri gomo rakanongedzwa muchimiro charo chepiramidhi, ine mitsetse ina yakapinza, ichipa simba rinosimudzirwa nekuzviparadzanisa kwaro kunoshamisa, mamaira gumi nemana chete kumabvazuva kweMount Everest. Ichi chimiro chakasiyana chinoita kuti Makalu ive imwe yenzvimbo dzakakwirira-dzinotaridzika muHimalayas.
Kukwira kumusoro kweMakalu kwave kwakaoma zvakanyanya. Pakuedza gumi nenhanhatu kwekutanga, kushanu chete ndiko kwakabudirira, nokudaro uchapupu pachahwo hwekuoma kwepamusoro-soro uyu.
Kusiyana nemamwe mahofori mazhinji ari pedyo neKhumbu, Makalu haana kuyedzwa zvakanyanya kusvika mushure mekubudirira paEverest muna 1953.
Muna 1955, rwendo rweFrance rwakaita kukwira kwekutanga kweMakalu, yechitatu kubudirira kukuru mumakomo eHimalayan.
Pamusoro pemusangano mukuru, Makalu ane Chomo Lonzo, imwe nzvimbo yepamusoro inokwira kuchamhembe kwemusangano wepamusoro. Iyi nhongonya, yakanyudzwa nechigaro chakamanikana, inobatsira kuoma kweiyo massif.
Hukuru hwayo uye hurefu hwayo hwepamusoro muchimiro chepiramidhi inoita kuti Makalu ive yakasarudzika pakati pe8 makomo marefu muNepal. Gomo iri rinoramba risingasvikike zvakanyanya, nekudaro chinangwa chine mukurumbira uye chiri kutsvakwa zvakanyanya kune vanokwira makomo vakanangana nepamusoro-soro pasi rose.
5. Gomo Cho Oyu
Mt. Cho Oyu inokwira kusvika pakakwirira mamita 8,201 pamusoro pegungwa, nokudaro ichiva chechitanhatu pakakwirira pakati pe8 makomo marefu muNepal uye pasi rose. Inowanikwa munzvimbo yeKhumbu kuEastern Nepal pedyo nemuganhu weTibetan.
Cho Oyu inongova kumadokero kweEverest neLhotse; sekudaro, inoita chinhu chakasiyana muchikamu ichi cheHimalayas. Nzvimbo yaro yakakwirira inogara ichionekwa kubva kuEverest kuchamhembe, uko inoumba chiratidzo chakajairika kune vanokwira.
Nzira dzekukwira kuCho Oyu dziri nyore kusvikika, zvichiita kuti iyi ive "nyore" pakati pemakomo masere akakwirira muNepal. Ikoku, chokwadika, hakuiti chinhu kudzongonyedza ukuru hwaro kana kuti kupedza denho kuvakwiri vemakomo. Kutanga kukwira muna 8, yakanga iri yechitatu pamamita 1954 8,000 epamusoro-soro kuti ikwidzwe uye yekutanga kuva nechikwata cheAustralia ichikwira mumatsutso.
Nekuva pedyo kwayo neNangpa La, 19,000-foot glacier pass uye nzira huru yekutengeserana pakati peKhumbu Sherpas neTibet, Cho Oyu inotora kukosha kwakawanda kwetsika uye nharaunda mudunhu rino. Kuva pedyo kwegomo iri nepamupata uyu kwawedzera kukwezva kune vanokwira, apo, kunze kwekungopa mukwidza unotyisa, rinoratidza kuchinjana kwetsika kwakawanda.
Pakati pemakomo masere akakwirira muNepal, Cho Oyu ichiri kutariswa seimwe yepamusoro-soro iyo vanokwira kune dzimwe nyika vanoda kukwira, ichiyeverwa nekureba kwayo, kukosha kwenhoroondo, uye kuwanika pakati pehofori dzeHimalayas.
6. Gomo reDhaulagiri
Gomo reDhaulagiri ndiro rechinomwe pakakwirira pamakomo masere epamusoro muNepal uye pasi rose, rakareba mamita 8. Dhaulagiri, zvinoreva kuti "White Mountain," inzvimbo yakakura yeHimalayan iri kuchamhembe-pakati peNepal. Zita racho rinoratidza sinou inopenya inovhara nhongonya dzayo uye inopa nharaunda nzvimbo yakasarudzika.
Makomo masere marefu-refu, kubatanidza Mount Everest, anomirira chimwe chinhu chinopfuura chimiro chenzvimbo; ndiwo mufananidzo werunako rwechisikigo, tsika dzakapfuma, uye kukosha kwenhoroondo yeNepal. Aya makomo marefu-kubva kuEverest kusvika kuAnnapurna-haangonatsiridzi runako rwenyika chete asi zvakare anoumba musimboti weindasitiri yekushanya nekukwezva nhamba huru yevashanyi, vanokwira makomo uye vanofarira zvechisikigo pasi rese.
Kutanga kuzivikanwa kunyika dzekuMadokero muna 1808, Dhaulagiri yaifungidzirwa kuti ndiro gomo repamusoro-soro pasi rose, richikwira pamusoro peEcuador's Chimborazo, mutsauko wayakabata kwemakore anoda kusvika makumi matatu kusvikira Kanchenjunga yawanikwa uye ichionekwa zvisirizvo segomo repamusoro-soro munyika panguva iyoyo. Kunyange zvazvo isisiri kuonekwa seyepamusoro-soro, Dhaulagiri ichiri gomo rinonakidza uye rinoremekedzwa zvikuru.
Iyo crest inotambanuka kwemakiromita makumi matatu, iine maratidziro ayo akatenderedzwa ezvikomo zvakamonyoroka, mazaya echando, uye mapopoma echando. Kunovhiringa iyi nyika ine hutsinye nhongonya dzakaita semapiramidhi; huru ina inosvika pakakwirira kupfuura 30 tsoka uye inopa humwe huzhinji kune massif chimiro.
Ndiyo nzvimbo iyi inoshamisa inozviratidza semutambo wekuona uye nenzira yekunetsa kune vanokwira, zvichiita Dhaulagiri imwe yenzvimbo dzinoshuva kune vanokwira makomo.
Dhaulagiri inoratidzira mune rondedzero ye8 makomo akakwirira muNepal; gomo racho rakaita basa guru munhoroondo yokukwira makomo. Kuvapo kwayo kwakareba uye kuomerwa kwenzvimbo kunoita kuti vafambi vaone dzimwe nzvimbo dzisinganyanyi kufamba asi dzinonakidza zvakaenzana muHimalayas.
Uku hukuru hweWhite Mountain hunombomira sehumbowo hwekunaka kwechisikigo uye hwakaramba huchikonzerwa nematambudziko arikuitika muzita redunhu reHimalaya.
7 Gomo reManase
Gomo reManaslu, rechisere pakati pemakomo masere akakwirira muNepal uye rechisere pasi rose, rinomira pa8 metres. Ndiyo nzvimbo yepamusoro-soro muGorkha massif uye yakaiswa matende anenge mamaira makumi mana kumabvazuva kwenzvimbo yegumi yepamusoro-soro, Annapurna.
Nekureba kwaro nekunaka, igomo rinotonga, asi mikova mirefu uye mipata yechando inobvumira nzira dziri nyore kubva kumativi ese uye nyore kusvika panhongonya.
Zita rokuti Manaslu rinobva pashoko rechiSanskrit rokuti “Manasa,” iro rinoreva kuti “gomo romudzimu.” Ndiro chirevo chemweya ichi chinopa kukosha kwakakodzera panhongonya yaro, nekudaro iri nzvimbo yekuenda kune vanofamba netsoka pamwe chete.
Iyo peak inokwira pamusoro penzvimbo yakatenderedza pachitarisiko chinogona kufemesa nekuonekwa kubva kure.
Muna 1956, rwendo rwekutanga rwevakadzi-vese rwechiJapan rwakasvika kumusangano weManaslu. Uku kwakanga kwava kutanga kukwira mudenga kwemamita 8,000 XNUMX nokuda kwevakadzi. Naizvozvo izvi zvinoratidza kuti Manaslu igomo rakaoma asi rine mubayiro. Nokuda kweizvi, vakwiri vemakomo vanobva kumativi ose enyika vakakweverwa kuti vakunde nzvimbo dzaro dzakakwirira.
Imwe inokwezva yenzvimbo ino ine mukurumbira Manaslu Circuit Trekking, ine mukurumbira kwese, ichiratidzira mahombe emakomo mune rimwe ruoko, kumashure uye anotyisa nzvimbo mune imwe. Kuremekedza kunoramba kuchiuya kudunhu reManaslu, vachirarama mweya wekunakidzwa uyo Himalaya inopa kuvanhu veNepal.
8. Gomo reAnnapurna
Annapurna ndiyo yechisere pamakomo ese gumi nemana pamusoro pe8 metres uye yechigumi yepamusoro-soro pasi rose uye muNepal pa14 metres pamusoro pegungwa. Iri hombe repamusoro peHimalaya chikamu chemuhombe muhombe wakarembera kumabvazuva kweRwizi rweKali Gandaki, uchicheka goronga rakadzika zvakanyanya kuburikidza neHimalayas.
Iri gomo rine mukurumbira pacharo, kwete bedzi nemhaka yourefu hwaro asiwo nemhaka yokuti rakanga riri nhongonya yamamita 8,000 1950 yakakwirwa kekutanga zvikuru mugore raXNUMX.
Zita rokuti “Annapurna” rinobva muchiSanskrit uye rinogona kushandurwa kureva “mwarikadzi wegoho” kana kuti kungoti “mugoveri,” zvichiratidza kutya kwaiitwa gomo racho.
Iyo Annapurna massif inotenderedza nhongonya dzinoverengeka; iwo maviri akakwirira, kumagumo erenji, kumadokero nekumabvazuva, zvichiteerana, ndiAnnapurna I naAnnapurna II. Aya makomo ane zvakawanda zvekutarisa pazviri munzvimbo inoshamisa yakasimudzwa pamusoro pehombe, kusanganisira iwo makuru echando echando ari kutsvedza pasi pemateru ekumadokero nekuchamhembe kwakadziva kumadokero.
Kune rimwe divi, nzendo dzekuenda kunharaunda yeAnnapurna ndedzimwe dzinonyanya kuzivikanwa mhiri kweNepal. Iwo mavistas anopihwa yeakazara Annapurna Range kubva kune mamwe mapoinzi anongo shamisa.
Iyo Annapurna Circuit Trek neAnnapurna Base Camp Trek ine mukurumbira wakanyanya uye inokwezva vazhinji vanofarira kubva pasirese vanoda kuona runako uye inonetsa yedunhu.
Imwe pakati pemakomo masere akakwirira muNepal, Annapurna inofananidzira runako rwechisikigo. Nzira dzekufamba dzinosiyana-siyana nekukwezva kwemakomo makuru uye nekudaro akawanda muhuwandu, achikwezva kuongorora kukuru muhukuru hweHimalayas.
Makomo masere akakwirira muNepal, anosanganisira Mount Everest, haana kumira sechikamu cheiyo geography asi chiratidzo chekunaka kwayo kwechisikigo, hupfumi hwetsika nhaka, uye kukosha kwenhoroondo.
Kubva kuEverest kuenda kuAnnapurna, aya makomo marefu akamira akareba anowedzera runako kunyika uye anoumba musana weindasitiri yevashanyi iri kukura nekukwevera vanokwira makomo, vanotsvaga mafambiro, uye avo vanoda zvisikwa kubva kumativi ese enyika.
Makomo aya akanyatsobatanidzwa netsika uye zvekunamata zveNepal. Makomo masere epamusoro-soro muNepal akabatanidzwawo neruremekedzo rweSherpas, avo vanova misimboti kune chero rwendo rwekuenda kuHimalayas.
Kunowedzerwa kune izvi kune huwandu hwakakura hwemaruva nemhuka, kusanganisira zvisingawanzo zvisikwa seSnow Leopard neDanphe, izvo zvinowedzera kuwedzera nzvimbo idzi kukosha kwezvakatipoteredza.
Idzo nzendo dzinobva kumakomo masere akakwirira eNepal dzinopfuura basa rakaoma mumuviri; vanogadzira rwendo rwemweya uye vanobatanidza imwe zvakadzama neNature.
Kubva munzira dziri kure dzeKanchenjunga kuenda kune yakakurumbira Annapurna Circuit, rwendo rwese rwunosiya chitambi chakasiyana mundangariro dzemudzungairi anofamba nemunzvimbo idzi dzinoshamisa.
Ndiko kuti makomo masere akareba eNepal anoumba mwoyo nemweya wenyika, kuzivikanwa, uye kokero kupasi rose kuzopupurira hukuru uye kuona runako runoshamisa rweHimalayas.
